Cl- and alkalinity were determined by visual titration with 0.1 M AgNO~3~ and 0.02 M HCl, respectively. NH~4~+ and PO~4~3 were measured spectrophotometrically (UV-2450, Shimazu) at 640 and 885 nm, respectively. Sulfate (SO~4~2-) was analyzed by an ion chromatography (ICS-1500, Dionex) in the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM). Major and minor cations (Na^, K, Mg^2+, Ca^2+, Ba^2+, B, Sr^2+^, and H~4~SiO~4~) were analyzed by an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (Optima 8300 ICP-OES, Perkin Elmer) in the Korea Basic Sciences Institute (KBSI). δ^18^O~H2O~ and δD~H2O~ were determined with a wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy (L2120-i, Picarro Inc.) in the KIGAM. δ^13^C~DIC~ was analyzed with a Finnigan DELTA-Plus mass spectrometer using a Gas-Bench II automated sampler at Oregon State University. 87^Sr/^86^Sr ratio was measured using a Neptune multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS, Thermo Scientific) in the KBSI. The δ^11^B signatures were analyzed with a Neptune MC-ICP-MS in the St. Andrews Isotope Geochemistry Laboratory.