In his interdisciplinary study Mooiman argues that in the context of Western Art Music, improvisation is not to be seen as a quasi-autonomous skill or art form, but as an aspect of music-making in general. Mooiman offers a ‘panorama’ of nineteenth-century styles and situations of music-making that together sketch a picture of improvisatory aspects of nineteenth-century music. Open access: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3247235 In the appendix, the dissertation presents a number of harmonic reductions of waltzes and German dances of Franz Schubert. [Mooiman, A.: An Improvisatory Approach to Nineteenth-Century Music (diss., unpublished). Leiden, 2021; 571-577.] Recordings of these reductions (marked ‘App#1’ in the text) are accessible here.