a LH and MH as Late and Middle Holocene, LGM as Last Glacial Maximum, MIS as Marine Isotope Stages and substages.b Northern PNG river sediment, data from Whitmore et al. (2004), reported as averaged values.c REE data of Sepik and Fly from Hannigan and Sholkovitz (2001).d Trace elements (other than REE) data of Fly from Hettler et al. (1997).e KX-series coretop data from Wu et al. (2013)f MD-series coretop data from Tachikawa et al. (2011)g Upper Continental Crust data from Taylor and McLennan (1985, 1995)h chondrite REE data from McDonough and Sun (1995)