Soil pits were dug and sampled by horizon using National Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) methods at 20 locations chosen to represent the heterogeneity of soils present. The sampled pits were within a 36,000 acre plantation that produced sugarcane for more than a century on the island of Maui in the State of Hawaii. To investigate the relationship between physicochemical soil properties and soil organic carbon stocks and dynamics in disturbed tropical agricultural landscapes we analyzed bulk soil organic carbon, incubated soils for ninety days, and measured many physicochemical properties of interest. This dataset includes the physicochemical properties measured by soil horizon.

• Soil was collected during mid-day (local time) Macro aggregates (>250 µm) and microaggregates (<250 µm) add sum to 1 Macro aggregates: Non-water-stable, water-stable, roots, rocks sum to ~1* Size of slow carbon pool is 1-γ1