This dataset was compiled for a review paper examining the transformation of n-alkanes from plant to soil. Data is included from 37 different studies at various locations. Various climate and soil parameters are included along with the individual n-alkane data when available. Data from open plant-soil systems where the n-alkane composition of soil profiles and plant source material was measured are included as well as data from litterbag experiments during which the change in n-alkane composition over time was measured. All of the included studies were performed within the last 30 years. Although the majority of the included studies were performed in Europe, there are some from other regions around the globe. The purpose for collecting the data was to systematically study how the composition of n-alkanes changed from plant to soil using available data. Our review supported the conclusions that the total concentration of n-alkanes decreases with time and with depth and that there is preferential degradation of odd-chain lengths and shorter chain lengths.