Last interglacial and penultimate glacial sea surface temperature anomalies for the region south of 40°S, resampled to 2000 year resolution

DOI

Southern Ocean marine sediments provide an important archive of Quaternary glacial-interglacial climate changes. Sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions in the Southern Ocean depend exclusively on the fossils or geochemical signatures of planktic organisms, but the strengths of these SST proxies remain poorly quantified in this region. To improve confidence in Southern Ocean paleoclimate reconstructions, we first evaluated the reliability of SST proxies employed at Quaternary glacial-interglacial time scales, focusing on three key potential problems: advection/dispersion, seasonality, and non-thermal influences. On that basis, we selected foraminifera assemblages, long-chain alkenones (UK'37 index), diatom assemblages, and the Globigerina bulloides Mg/Ca ratio as the most reliable SST proxies in the Southern Ocean. We also revised calibrations where appropriate, using core-top sediment databases. Overall, Southern Ocean SST reconstructions using these recommended proxies and calibrations should be robust when averaging across multiple sites and proxy types, but should be treated with caution when analysing spatial variability, a small number of sites, or a single proxy type. We have applied these recommendations to a synthesis of Southern Ocean SST over the penultimate glacial and last interglacial (LIG). Similar to previous studies, we find that LIG warming at 40°S to 60°S reached 1.6 ± 1.1°C (annual mean) or 1.9 ± 1.3°C (austral summer: JFM) relative to present. Annual / summer cooling in the penultimate glacial maximum reached -3.6 ± 1.0°C / -4.0 ± 1.2°C, similar to the last glacial maximum. Compared with the previous LIG SST syntheses, our reported uncertainties more strongly reflect geographic variability and dating errors, as we have reduced errors in the individual temperature reconstructions and do not date records by aligning peaks in their SST.

This dataset contains individual SST records for the region south of 40°S, resampled to 2000 year resolution following Chandler and Langebroek (QSR, in review). Time slices without a temperature within +/-1000 years are assigned empty rows. Age models are based on benthic d18O where possible, with planktic d18O as a second choice. d18O is aligned with the respective regional stack (Lisiecki and Stern, 2016). Records aligned by other methods (for example, aligning by SST), are not included.Temperatures based on alkenones were calculated using annual SST (°C) = 30.3(UK'37) - 1.30 or summer SST (°C) = 29.7(UK'37) + 0.30. The former is the Prahl et al. (1988) calibration; the latter a revised calibration (Chandler and Langebroek, QSR, in review).Temperatures based on G. bulloides Mg/Ca were calculated using annual SST (°C) = 13.0ln(1.23Mg/Ca), based on a revised calibration (Chandler and Langebroek, QSR, in review).Temperatures based on diatom assemblages were taken as published by the original authors.Temperatures based on foraminifera assemblages were calculated using the modern analogue technique and Haddam et al. (2016) core-top database. For full details, see Chandler and Langebroek (QSR, in review).

Identifier
DOI https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.938620
Related Identifier https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.938621
Related Identifier https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107191
Related Identifier https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107190
Related Identifier https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.02.015
Related Identifier https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.03.028
Related Identifier https://doi.org/10.1002/2016PA002946
Related Identifier https://doi.org/10.1002/2016PA003002
Related Identifier https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-climate-laboratory
Related Identifier https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00097-0
Related Identifier https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90132-9
Related Identifier https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.03.027
Related Identifier https://doi.org/10.1029/2018PA003507
Related Identifier https://doi.org/10.31223/osf.io/y3xdg
Related Identifier https://doi.org/10.1002/2017PA003201
Metadata Access https://ws.pangaea.de/oai/provider?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=datacite4&identifier=oai:pangaea.de:doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.938620
Provenance
Creator Chandler, David M ORCID logo; Langebroek, Petra M ORCID logo
Publisher PANGAEA
Publication Year 2021
Funding Reference Horizon 2020 https://doi.org/10.13039/501100007601 Crossref Funder ID 820575 https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/820575 Tipping Points in Antarctic Climate Components
Rights Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
OpenAccess true
Representation
Language English
Resource Type Dataset
Format text/tab-separated-values
Size 50667 data points
Discipline Earth System Research
Spatial Coverage (-171.500W, -56.681S, 178.490E, -40.380N); South Pacific/Tasman Sea/PLATEAU; South Pacific/CONT RISE; South Atlantic Ocean; South Pacific Ocean; Southwest Pacific Ocean; South-East Pacific; Kerguelen Plateau; Southern Ocean; South Indian Ocean; South Pacific; Chatham Rise; Shona Ridge; Atlantic Ridge; Agulhas Ridge; South Atlantic
Temporal Coverage Begin 1967-04-18T00:00:00Z
Temporal Coverage End 2009-12-18T02:30:00Z