Paleoclimate reconstructions appear to be unavoidable steps in the future climate change understanding and especially the local calibration of the paleoclimate proxies. The Mongolian Plateau in particular, is a scarcely studied area. Here we present a latitudinal transect from the southern Siberian Baikal area to the Mongolian part of the Gobi desert: the New Mongolian-Siberian DataBase (NMSDB). The 49 surface samples presented in this dataset are from different types: moss polsters, surface soil samples and lacustrine top-cores. Two paleoclimate proxies have been carried here: pollen analysis and biomarkers (glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers, GDGTs). The actual bioclimate parameters of each sample sites are derived from the ASTER data (NASA, 2014) for the elevation (m a.s.l.) and the WorldClim2.0 interpolated climate database (Fick et Hijmans, 2017) for the climate parameters. Fick, Stephen E., et Robert J. Hijmans. 2017. ' WorldClim 2: New 1-Km Spatial Resolution Climate Surfaces for Global Land Areas: NEW CLIMATE SURFACES FOR GLOBAL LAND AREAS ». International Journal of Climatology 37 (12): 4302‑15. https://doi.org/10/gb2jnq. NASA JPL. 2014. ' ASTER Global Emissivity Dataset, 100-meter, HDF5 ». NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC. https://doi.org/10.5067/COMMUNITY/ASTER_GED/AG100.003.