Chapter 4 of this research includes both online survey, paper surveies and interview to collect the user requirements for a smartphone application.
They are: 1) an online survey of geography fieldwork
teachers about the current situation of using assistance tools; 2) a field experiment in
which the use of paper maps and a mobile tool were compared during a geography
fieldwork trip; 3) an ethnographic study through questionnaires, interviews and
observations in a real human geography fieldwork of Beijing Normal University (BNU);
4) post-fieldwork surveys among undergraduates from BNU (another human geography
fieldwork) and Ghent University (a human geography fieldwork).