An uninterrupted data set of 139 annual values of local mean air temperature T, cumulative precipitation depth P, urban area extent A, global mean surface air temperature G, and global CO2 concentration C for the 1881-2019 period of time is shared with the scientific community. The Matlab 2021a code na.m performing a nonlinear analysis of the data contained in the file ts.dat is also shared with the scientific community. The code loads file ts.dat and generates the PDF files of this dataset.

File README.txt contains the description of this dataset and its files.The shared data can be found in the ASCII text file ts.dat (as well as in dataset doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.938739, which has been created from that file). The first column, having header year, contains the year. The second column, having header T (°C), contains the local mean air temperature T in Celsius degrees observed in Modena. The third column, having header P (mm), contains the cumulative precipitation depth P in millimeters in Modena. The fourth column, having header A (km2), contains the urban area extent A in square kilometers of Modena. The fifth column, having header G (°C), contains the global mean surface air temperature G in Celsius degrees obtained by adding the GISTEMP temperature change to the average temperature observed in Modena in the 1951–1980 base period (https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/). The sixth column, having heather C (ppm), contains the global CO2 concentration C in parts per million estimated from ice cores, from 1881 to 1958 (https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/co2/lawdome-data.html), and observed in the Mauna Loa Observatory (latitude 19.5362°N, longitude 155.5763°W, elevation 3397.00 m asl), Hawaii, from 1959 to 2019 (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/data.html).The Matlab 2021a code na.m performing a nonlinear analysis of the data contained in the file ts.dat is also shared with the scientific community. The Matlab 2021a code na.m loads the file ts.dat and generates the the following PDF files:- PDF file lg.pdf. Comparison between local temperature in Modena and global temperatures obtained from the NASA GISTEMP temperature change projected to Modena.- PDF file dm.pdf. Scatter plot matrix of T, P, A, G, and C.- PDF file vm.pdf. Scatter plot matrix for the first differences of T, P, A, G, and C.- PDF file pm.pdf. Generalized additive model predictions of T, P, A, G, and C, denoted as T', P', A', G', and C', obtained from single predictors T, P, A, G, and C.- PDF file gam.pdf. Generalized additive model predictions of T and G, denoted as T' and G', respectively, obtained from multiple predictors based on T, P, A, G, and C.The nonlinear analysis performed by using the data set contained in the ASCII text file ts.dat and the Matlab 2021a code na.m are described in Orlandini et al 2021 and available from the authors sharing the present data set upon request.